Archive for July 29th, 2010

Galaxy Rich in Earth-Like Planets

Data Leak: Galaxy Rich in Earth-Like Planets

by Richard A. Kerr

NASA didn’t plan it this way, but earlier this month a co-investigator on the Kepler satellite mission in the hunt for other Earth-like planets announced to a conference in Oxford, England, that “planets like our own Earth are out there. Our Milky Way galaxy is rich in this kind of planet.” The announcement—which wasn’t getting out until conference organizers posted a video online last week—was especially striking because it was largely based on Kepler data that team members had been allowed to keep to themselves for further analysis until next February. So, traditionally, such data would be released formally with all involved scientists onboard.

The all-too-public leak came from astronomer and Kepler co-investigator Dimitar Sasselov of Harvard University at the annual TEDGLobal conference, a production of the nonprofit TED.

At 8:15 into his 18-minute talk, Sasselov showed a bar graph of planet size. Of the approximate 265 Kepler planets represented on the graph, about 140 were labeled “like Earth,” that is, having a radius smaller than twice Earth’s radius. “You can see here small planets dominate the picture,” said Sasselov. Until now, astronomers’ exoplanet finds had been more like gas giant Jupiter than rocky little Earth. Even Kepler investigators had refrained from discussing any Earth-size finds.

Sasselov did emphasize that these are candidates, not confirmed exoplanets. With further observation, half of them could well turn out to be false alarms. Many could also be Earth-like in size but orbiting so close to their stars that nothing but their size would be Earth-like. Sasselov said that astronomers will be able to identify at least 60 Earth-like planets. So the unauthorized presentation of preliminary results would seem to confirm that Kepler has succeeded in showing that Earth is no fluke.

NASA has yet to comment.

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Critical Ocean Organisms Are Disappearing

Critical Ocean Organisms Are Disappearing

by Kristen Minogue

sn-phytoplankton.jpg

Telltale sign. The chlorophyll inside single-celled phytoplankton (inset) creates vast smears of green in the ocean.
Credit: NASA Earth Observatory Collection; (inset) Harry Taylor/Nikon Small World

The number of marine phytoplankton, the microscopic organisms that gobble greenhouse gases and directly or indirectly feed every animal in the ocean, has been declining by about 1% of the global average per year, according to a new study. If the trend continues, it could decimate ocean food chains and accelerate global warming.

Researchers know that phytoplankton numbers have been dropping for the past 30 years. Satellite images show a decline in the concentration of chlorophyll—a green pigment that helps phytoplankton photosynthesize. But because satellites have been collecting data only since the late 1970s, scientists couldn’t determine whether this drop was a long-term trend or just a fluke.

To get a more comprehensive record of phytoplankton numbers, Boris Worm of Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada, and colleagues dug into old shipboard records from sailors who had studied the ocean as far back as 1900. In those days, sailors used a tool called a Secchi disk to gauge how clear the ocean was. They weren’t trying to measure phytoplankton, but they inadvertently did because chlorophyll clouds the water.

When Worm and colleagues combined the satellite data, the early shipboard records, and direct measurements of chlorophyll made from the 1950s onward, they found that the recent dip in phytoplankton wasn’t a passing phase. It had been happening in most parts of the ocean for more than a century. On average, the planet has lost 1% of its phytoplankton every year since 1900, the team reports in the 29 July issue of Nature.

“You compound that over a century, this becomes a huge, huge decline,” says Paul Falkowski, an oceanographer at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, who was not part of the study. Indeed, Worm’s team estimates that phytoplankton numbers have plummeted 40% since 1950.

What’s more, the team found that phytoplankton numbers were more likely to dwindle in areas of the ocean that were warming, suggesting that climate change is responsible for the drop.

The loss of phytoplankton is a huge problem for marine food chains, says Worm, because every creature in the ocean either eats phytoplankton or eats other organisms that depend on it. If their numbers start to decrease, the populations of these species would drop as well. “The rest of the food web would basically contract,” he says.

Even more chilling to marine biologist Anthony Richardson of the University of Queensland in Australia is the potential impact on our atmosphere. The ocean absorbs 40% of the CO2 humans emit. Phytoplankton, in turn, convert that CO2 into oxygen or die and bury it at the bottom of the ocean. If the phytoplankton are disappearing, Richardson says, “the ocean as a carbon sink is declining, and what that means is ultimately more CO2 will stay in the atmosphere instead of being dissolved in the ocean.” That will translate into a warmer world, which will wipe out even more phytoplankton.

The study has its drawbacks. The older shipboard data weren’t collected with nearly as much regularity as the satellite data, notes marine biologist Mike Behrenfeld of Oregon State University, Corvallis. Still, marine biologist David Siegel of the University of California, Santa Barbara, says that given the sporadic records, Worm and colleagues have constructed a solid report. “They’ve squeezed as much as possibly can be squeezed out of this data set.”

The number of marine phytoplankton, the microscopic organisms that gobble greenhouse gases and directly or indirectly feed every animal in the ocean, has been declining by about 1% of the global average per year, according to a new study. If the trend continues, it could decimate ocean food chains and accelerate global warming.

Researchers know that phytoplankton numbers have been dropping for the past 30 years. Satellite images show a decline in the concentration of chlorophyll—a green pigment that helps phytoplankton photosynthesize. But because satellites have been collecting data only since the late 1970s, scientists couldn’t determine whether this drop was a long-term trend or just a fluke.

To get a more comprehensive record of phytoplankton numbers, Boris Worm of Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada, and colleagues dug into old shipboard records from sailors who had studied the ocean as far back as 1900. In those days, sailors used a tool called a Secchi disk to gauge how clear the ocean was. They weren’t trying to measure phytoplankton, but they inadvertently did because chlorophyll clouds the water.

When Worm and colleagues combined the satellite data, the early shipboard records, and direct measurements of chlorophyll made from the 1950s onward, they found that the recent dip in phytoplankton wasn’t a passing phase. It had been happening in most parts of the ocean for more than a century. On average, the planet has lost 1% of its phytoplankton every year since 1900, the team reports in the 29 July issue of Nature.

“You compound that over a century, this becomes a huge, huge decline,” says Paul Falkowski, an oceanographer at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, who was not part of the study. Indeed, Worm’s team estimates that phytoplankton numbers have plummeted 40% since 1950.

What’s more, the team found that phytoplankton numbers were more likely to dwindle in areas of the ocean that were warming, suggesting that climate change is responsible for the drop.

The loss of phytoplankton is a huge problem for marine food chains, says Worm, because every creature in the ocean either eats phytoplankton or eats other organisms that depend on it. If their numbers start to decrease, the populations of these species would drop as well. “The rest of the food web would basically contract,” he says.

Even more chilling to marine biologist Anthony Richardson of the University of Queensland in Australia is the potential impact on our atmosphere. The ocean absorbs 40% of the CO2 humans emit. Phytoplankton, in turn, convert that CO2 into oxygen or die and bury it at the bottom of the ocean. If the phytoplankton are disappearing, Richardson says, “the ocean as a carbon sink is declining, and what that means is ultimately more CO2 will stay in the atmosphere instead of being dissolved in the ocean.” That will translate into a warmer world, which will wipe out even more phytoplankton.

The study has its drawbacks. The older shipboard data weren’t collected with nearly as much regularity as the satellite data, notes marine biologist Mike Behrenfeld of Oregon State University, Corvallis. Still, marine biologist David Siegel of the University of California, Santa Barbara, says that given the sporadic records, Worm and colleagues have constructed a solid report. “They’ve squeezed as much as possibly can be squeezed out of this data set.”

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Grenada Revolution Revisited

Grenada Revolution Revisited

By Dr. Kwame Nantambu
March 07, 2010

Saturday, 13 March 2010, marks the 31st year anniversary of the first successful armed revolution against neo-colonial government in the English-speaking Caribbean.

On 13 March 1979, while the neo-colonialist “criminal dictator” Eric Gairy was out of Grenada, “the real revolutionaries” of the New Jewel Movement (NJM) under the leadership of Comrade Maurice Bishop masterminded “a successful armed takeover of the True Blue army barracks and the island’s sole radio station.”

On that day, the People’s Revolutionary Government of Grenada (PRG) was born. Indeed, Grenada’s revolution validates Dr. Frantz Fanon’s dictum that “de-colonization is always a violent phenomenon”. Moreover, it does not matter whether or not that de-colonization struggle is fought against a neo-colonialist rather than a Euro-colonizer. That’s what neo-colonialism is all about, namely, oppression/exploitation of the colonized by the colonizer in the era of putative political independence.

In 1979, the tiny island of Grenada was such a classic case/paradigm.

Grenada’s successful revolution is significant in the following way: it marked the first time in the English-speaking Caribbean that a political leader sought to completely destroy the imposed/inherited Euro- British-colonial system of education a la Fidel Castro in Cuba re Euro-Spanish colonial education.

In his treatise “Education for the New Grenada”, Comrade Maurice Bishop sought to prove to the Euro-colonizer that the colonized “Grenadians could think for themselves, that we could think through the problem and we could think the solution and even if we miss important elements, we could and must solve the problem.”

Through the PRG’s education for liberation program, Comrade Bishop attempted to extricate the mind of the Grenadians from the psychological shackles/tentacles/clutches of Euro-British-colonial education.

Comrade Bishop was determined to create a New Grenadian who could think independently and not be saddled by Euro-centric mental/psychological dependency/slavery.

Comrade Maurice Bishop was all too aware of the adage a la Malcolm X that the European slave-master took the chains from off the feet of the slave/colonized and put them on his mind.

The primary purpose of education under the PRG was to “use the educational system and process as a means of preparing the new man for the new life in the new society we are trying to build.”

Thirty-one years ago, with a minuscule population of only 110,000 people producing nutmeg, the PRG sought the total destruction of the imposed/inherited Euro-British-colonial Western model of governance and putative liberal democracy.

Instead of the Euro-centric British parliamentary model, the PRG established its own parliamentary model— the National Assembly. The PRG regarded the Euro-British colonial system of governance as “spectator politics.” The PRG was determined to create “a people’s democracy” in Grenada.

The ultimate goal of the PRG in the creation of this new genre of revolutionary governance was “to put people at the centre of the process instead of at the margin or otherwise.” The new people’s democracy in Grenada under the PRG was from the bottom up.

The PRG instituted a non-Western, non-capitalist path to development titled a “Socialist Development Policy.” This new development policy was so successful to the extent that the August 1982 Annual Economic Memorandum of the World Bank written by independent economists concluded that “Grenada has been one of the very few countries in the Western Hemisphere that continued to experience per capita growth in 1981.”

In addition, independent economists of the Caribbean Development Bank also found that the average growth rate of Grenada’s economy between 1981-83 (2.2%) was the third highest in the English-speaking Caribbean; there were no shortages of consumer goods from 1979-83; the basic human needs (BHN) of the Grenadian people had been met by the PRG.

In other words, Grenada’s revolution proved far beyond the shadow of any doubt that a Socialist/Marxist development model works. Capitalism is for the colonizer, not for the colonized.

The geo-political fact of the matter is that because of the afore-mentioned overt successes, the United States under President Ronald Reagan had to destroy Grenada’s successful people’s revolution. The United States could not have allowed/permitted this revolution of, by and from the people to continue because colonized peoples who are suffering in other larger Caribbean countries would have wanted/opted to follow Grenada’s successful revolutionary path and seek to overthrow their respective neo-colonial government.

This Caribbean ism spread would have meant the end of America’s hegemony in the region. Ergo, the United States did not want a second revolutionary Marxist Cuba in the Caribbean.

To this end, the United States utilized “Operation Urgent Fury” to totally destroy Grenada’s revolution. President Ronald Reagan pursued this policy under the overt protection of Article 8 of the June 1981 Treaty of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) in collusion with other Caribbean governments such as Barbados under Prime Minister Tom Adams and Prime Minister Edward Seaga of Jamaica.

It must be pointed out that in 1981, both Barbados and Jamaica were not members of the OECS and when the United States invaded Grenada on 25 October, 1983, both Barbados and Jamaica were still not de jure members of the OECS. In June 1981, the following countries belonged and still belong to the OECS: Antigua, Dominica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Grenada, St. Kitts-Nevis and Montserrat.

The stark reality is that the leaders of these OECS countries and by extension, Barbados and Jamaica, were very much afraid of their own political survival. And one can assume that they concluded that if the 110,000 people in tiny Grenada could revolt against their neo-colonial government, ipso facto, their own people would do the same.

Moreover, one can also assume that all of these leaders wanted to destroy the successful Grenada’s people’s revolution more that the United States; ergo, U.S. Ronald Reagan did not have to do much arm twisting to get neo-colonial Caribbean political leaders, as in, Prime Ministers, to collude with the United States to completely destroy Grenada’s successful people’s revolution. And that they did.

In keeping with the modus operandi of Europeans, these Caribbean leaders’ quid pro quo was couched in President Reagan’s February 1982 “Caribbean Basin Initiative” (CBI) to the tune of US$350m in trade and investment.

Indeed, the sad legacy/record of the successful Grenada’s people revolution reveals that Comrade Maurice Bishop was placed under house arrest on 12 October 1983; he was brutally assassinated on 19 October, 1983, at Fort Rupert (named after his father, Rupert) along with Unison Whiteman, Fitzroy Bain and Jacqueline Creft. On 25 October 1983, the United States invaded Grenada.

Truth be told, Grenada’s successful people’s revolution proves that any leader who seeks to destroy the European imposed/inherited systems of education and governance would pay a price, albeit, a deadly price. In the final analysis, Grenada’s people’s revolution was anti-colonialist, anti-imperialist but most importantly, it was anti-neo-colonialist. It symbolized the rule of We the People in all its manifestations. As Comrade Maurice Bishop once surmised: Our people’s revolution was “a big revolution in a small country.”

“Forward ever, backward never.”

Shem Hotep (“I go in peace”).

Dr. Kwame Nantambu is a part-time lecturer at Cipriani College of Labour and Co-operative Studies and University of the West Indies.

 

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Education or Edited Dictation by Khalif ‘Ras’ Williams

Education or Edited Dictation by Khalif ‘Ras’ Williams

The human mind is born knowing nothing. Anything we know has been given to us by someone else. Children learn first by indiscriminate imitation, they copy what they see and hear. No one is born knowing who God is, we have religion because it is given to us by society and our families. This includes our perceptions of right and wrong or good and evil, our likes and dislikes and much more. All of these are learned behaviors. Click Link for More:

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Rise of Nationalism in the Caribbean

Rise of Nationalism in the Caribbean

By Dr. Kwame Nantambu
May 01, 2010

Jamaica

  1. It is no accident that Jamaica should have been the first English -speaking Caribbean country to gain independence in 1962. Jamaica’s geographic size, historical antiquity (colonized by the Euro-British in 1655), population size re other Caribbean countries, leading bauxite producer and scene of violent slave revolts have given Jamaica a paramount position in Euro-British colonial history and the de-colonization process.
  2. Ergo, Caribbean political leadership has been assigned to Jamaica.
  3. Decades of the 1930s introduced a more radical, more socially oriented cause/genre of politics.
  4. The new pre-occupation was the “condition of the people”—the colonized, redundant lumpen proletariat.
  5. Norman Manley formed Jamaica Welfare Community Development scheme in 1937.
  6. Jamaica Union of Teachers (JUT) and Jamaica’s Agricultural Society (JAS) were establish as “organs of the little man.”
  7. Protests by middle- class Jamaicans initiated the formation of the Jamaica Progressive League which was the fore -runner of the People’s National Party (PNP). Originally a reformist party, the PNP wanted “to mend not end, the system” of Euro- British colonialism as its original political stance. The PNP only wanted self-government within the Euro-British Commonwealth.
  8. Impact of Garveyism
    1. UNIA
    2. Launched People’s Political Party (PPP) in 1929.
    3. The PPP emphasized the bankruptcy of the rule of the Crown colony system of governance.
    4. Working class consciousness emerges.
    5. “Back to Afrika” movement.
    6. “Afrika for Afrikans at Home and Abroad.”
    7. August 1920 resolution re designation Red, Black and Green as the official colors of the Afrikan liberation struggle.
    8. 1938 period generated working class militancy.
    9. Alexander Bustamente’s Industrial Trade Union (BTTU) became Jamaica Labor Party (JLP). PNP formed in 1938. Jamaica Communist Party was headed by Dr. Trevor Monroe.
    10. PNP became socialist under Michael Manley (son of Norman Manley) in November 1974 re Democratic Socialism. The JLP remained the “defender of Capitalism”. Jamaica under Prime Minister Edward Seaga became the defender of Reaganomics.
      PNP JLP
      Norman Manley Alexander Bustamante
      Michael Manley Edward Seaga
      P.J. Patterson Bruce Golding
      Portia Simpson Brown
    11. Jamaica’s referendum 19 September 1961 participated the collapse of the W.I. Federation and was the catalyst for Jamaica’s political independence drive in 1962.
  9. Adult suffrage was granted to the colonized in Jamaica in 1944.

Jamaica joined United Nations in 1962 and the Organization of American States (OAS) in 1969.

Trinidad and Tobago (T&T)

  1. T&T has played a lesser role in shaping Caribbean image/ identity/ leadership compared to Jamaica.
  2. Emergence of national consciousness begins with Captain Andrew Arthur Cipriani —French Creole of Corsican ancestry.
  3. Cipriani was Mayor of Port-of-Spain, an elected member in the Euro- British Colonial Legislative Council; he formed the Workingmen’s Association which later became Trinidad Labour Party.
  4. He led the masses in overt opposition to Euro-British Colonialism. His historical claim to fame/ title is “Champion of the barefoot man.” His motto: “Agitate, Educate, Confederate”
  5. Cipriani believed in the ultimate moral righteousness of the Euro-British Empire and of the English governing class. He tried to be a British empire client and a Caribbean patriot at the same time.
  6. After 1938, more militant radical leadership replaced Cipriani’s reactionary and conservative politics.
  7. Universal Adult Suffrage was granted to the colonized in T&T in 1946.
  8. Uriah “Buzz” Butler formed the Political Progress Group to liberate the masses/ proletariat from the yoke of Euro-British colonialism. He engaged in fierce anti-colonial politics.
  9. In the period of the early 1950s, Bhadase Sagan Maraj became president of the powerful Hindu organization, the Sanatan Dharma Mahasabba and transformed major sections of the sugar belt into a potent ethnic voting bloc.
  10. From 1950-56, the Party of Political Progress Groups (POPPG) led by Albert Gomes – trade unionist and was the leading politician in T&T at that time.
  11. The Euro-colonial constitution of 1950 established the principle of ministerial responsibility in the hands of elected politicians. In September 1956 general elections, PNM received 39% of the votes but that did not represent a majority. The PNM won 14 out of 24 seats up for elections. PNM defeated the POPPG, Butler’s party and Maraj’s People’s Democratic Party (PDP).
    In order to achieve a majority in the legislature , the Euro-British Governor Edward Beetham and the Colonial Office appointed two (2) nominated members to the legislative who were loyal to the PNM. This gave the PNM a 16 – majority seat in the legislature.
  12. The PNM was formed in January 1956. Motto: “Magnum Est PNM; Et Pravalebit” – “Great is the PNM and It shall Prevail.”
  13. Dr. Eric Williams’ legacy:
    1. “Massa Day Done”
    2. “University of Wood Ford Square”
    3. “Doctor politics”
    4. Cabinet system in 1959.
    5. As premier, he brought style, unity, professionalism and intellect to T&T politics.
    6. He vowed to end the economic status of the Caribbean as a satellite economy of the United States and fought for a strong central government.
  14. The struggle for Chaguaramas Naval Base became Williams’ symbol of indigenous nationalism. He led the famous “march in the rain on 22nd April 1960″ to take back Chaguaramas. In 1941, Winston Churchill, the Prime Minister of Britain signed a 99-year lease with United States President Franklin Delano Roosevelt for the base and on air force base at Cumuto re-named Waller field.
  15. The Indian-Trinidadian power structure brought Dr. Rudranath Capildeo— mathematician, scientist, lawyer and instructor at the University of London to oppose Dr. Eric Williams in T&T. Dr. Capildeo led the Democratic Labour Party (DLP).
  16. After Jamaica Withdrew from the W.I. Federation in September 1961, Dr. Williams uttered his famous words: “one from ten leaves naught” and proceeded on the path to T&T’s political independence on 31 August 1962. Motto: “Together we aspire; Together we achieve” Trinidad and Tobago became a Republic on 24 September 1976; joined the United Nations in 1962 and the Oganization of American States (OAS) in 1967.
  17. Independence transition:
    Euro-British colonial governance
    Chief Minister
    Premier
    Prime Minister

Barbados

  1. Barbados is “an English market town” – an almost pure sugar plantation economy preserved more completely than any other Caribbean country.
  2. It embraces an “entrenched system of racialist prejudice.”
  3. Barbados is noted for overt conservatism, hence, its title “Little England.”
  4. Social Structure:
    At the top: White economic oligarchy.
    In the middle: Various grades, clearly demarcated by income indices of the middle class.
    At the bottom: Heavily Black lumpen proletariat.
  5. In this socio-culture, each group lives away from the other thereby feeding the distrust with gross stereotypes that they had of each other. This was the paradigm of “Barbados’ Apartheid.”
  6. This overt Apartheid modus operandi was compounded by a class-prejudiced and class-ordered education system. The sole purpose of primary education in Barbados was “to create an obedient and honest working class”
  7. After 1937-38 riots, Grantley Adams formed Barbados Labour Party (BLP) and Barbados Workers Union in 1941. They fought for a single economic cause instead for a complete reconstruction of Barbadian life.
  8. Premier Errol Barrow’s Democratic Labour Party (DLP) sought less to socialize the economy than to modernize it.
  9. Premier Errol Barrow broke with the BLP in 1955 and created the Democratic Labour Party 1956.
  10. The DLP won three consecutive electoral victories under Errol Barrow in 1961, 1966 and 1971 but lost in 1976 and 1981 to the BLP. Errol Barrow became Barbados’ first independence Prime Minister in 1966.
  11. Barrow was viewed as “leader of the nation, father of independence, a national hero and a man of the people.”
  12. He believed in the Euro-British colonial constitutional and political systems/order.
  13. Barrow did not appeal to the working class in class terms but rather in nationalist-populist terms.
  14. He made the inclusion of the masses a central plank in his party’s modernization strategy. He became a role model and agent of transformation.
  15. He fought for racial justice and de-colonization.
  16. He used his anti-imperialist rhetoric to good purpose by criticizing imperialism while upholding bourgeois values.
  17. Errol Barrow gained popularity with the masses by restructuring racial privileges and connecting his populist credentials.
  18. Barrow’s public order Act of 1970 was the turning point in his popularity among the Black masses. The Act made it illegal to preach racial hatred and violence; it restricted civil liberties.
  19. Errol Barrow allowed Kwame Ture to enter Barbados after entry to Trinidad – the Land of his birth, was denied by Dr. Eric Williams.
  20. He used the Act to silence grassroots opposition which he saw as a potential threat to the DLP government and political stability.
  21. He followed Keynenian economic social deficit spending.
  22. Errol Barrow’s legacy: “the general public had a moral duty and an ethical responsibility to standpoint corruption, bribery, abuse of power.”

Guyana

  1. Guyana refused to participate in the W.I. Federation.
  2. In the late 1930s, the British Guiana Labour Union and British Guiana Workers’ Union demanded a minimum wage, a contributory old age pension scheme, slum clearance, eight-hour work day and security of tenure for estate workers.
  3. The 1950 bi-racial People’s Progressive Party (PPP) replaced the East Indian Association and League of Coloured Peoples.
  4. PPP was interested in total transfer of power from the Euro-British government—de-colonization.
  5. Forbes Burnham became “maximum leader” – accused of directorship and authoritarianism.
  6. In 1953, the PPP won 51% of the popular vote and captured 18 out of 24 seats in parliament.
  7. Both Britain and the United States quickly grew wary of Cheddi Jagan’s socialist/communist aspirations, his radical rhetoric against colonialism and imperialism. This scenario was at the height of the Cold War and Mc Carthyism in the United States. American-British collusion under Winston Churchill led to the suspension of the Guyanese constitution just 135 days after the 1953 general elections. Unites States President John F. Kennedy preferred Forbes Burnham as Prime Minister of an independent Guyana.
  8. In 1955, Burnham formed the People’s National Congress (PNC).
  9. Burnham claimed to be socialist.
  10. Guyana’s politics became explicitly radicalized.
  11. Burnham was a “people’s lawyer” – he drew strength from the working class-redundant lumpen proletariat. He argued that his government was dedicated to transferring economic power to the masses and their representatives and set as its goal the attainment of social justice.
  12. Burnham understood the language of populism – he got the people to believe that he was working on their behalf.
  13. He identified the Co-operative as the instrument for making the little man, a real man — “Co-operative Socialism.”
  14. He tolerated no challenge to his rule from within or outside the UNC; he demanded loyalty from the armed forces. Military spending was significant under Burnham.
  15. Dr.Walter Rodney’s Working People’s Alliance (WPA) was the most spirited challenge to Burnham’s rule. Dr. Rodney was assassinated on 13 June 1980.
  16. Forbes Burnham’s legacy: “The party must assume primacy in the affairs of the State”
  17. Guyana became independent on 26 May 1966; a Republic on 23 February 1970.
  18. United States rigged the December 1964 general elections via labor unions to ensure that Forbes Burnham was the victor on the road to political independence and to defeat Cheddi Jagan – an avowed Marxist.

Guyana joined the United Nations in 1966 and Organization of American States (OAS) in 1991.

Sources

Allahar,A.L. (ed.). (2001). Caribbean Charisma: Reflections on Leadership, legitimacy and Populist Politics.

Lewis, G.K. (1968). The Growth of the Modern West Indies.

Dr. Kwame Nantambu is a part-time lecturer at Cipriani College of Labour and Co-operative Studies and University of the West Indies.

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Barack Obama: Are we moving from the Slave to the Nuclear Holocaust?

Barack Obama: Are we moving from the Slave to the Nuclear Holocaust?
Saturday, July 03 @ 22:58:15 AST
Barack Obama How many hundred millions of precious lives will World War III devour in its oil Moloch?

By Franz J. T. Lee
July 03, 2010

In Venezuela we are seriously studying the latest reflections and warnings of Fidel Castro. We are asking whether we are moving from the catastrophic oil leaks in the Gulf of Mexico to the nuclear broil, to the Nuclear Holocaust in the Middle East, to the next World War.

In all these capitalist developments, Karl Marx had the first theoretical word, will the world proletariat have the last praxical word? At last, are the global workers wakening up from their slumber?

Independent of the cognitive barriers of his age, of which all of us are transhistoric victims, beyond doubt, for half a century, it was Karl Marx who scientifically and philosophically has studied the economic exploitative, the political dominating, the social discriminating, the military genocidal and the ideological alienating quintessence of capital, of capital accumulation and of capitalism. Phenomenologically, in appearance forms, tremendously capitalism has changed over the last century, however, it has not lost a single tendential law of development as is described in Marx’s Capital. (1)

In fact, even before studying these inherent laws, Marx and Friedrich Engels in their ‘Manifesto of the Communist Party’ (1848) actually predicted the current globalization, formulated the first theory of globalization.   
Now, with regard to the origin of the current, globalized, belligerent, brutal and barbarous essence of capital, of corporate capitalism, in 1867 already, how did Marx define its birth?

According to him, in a footnote of his monumental work, Capital, Volume I, Part VIII, Chapter 31,  “If money, according to Augier, ‘comes into the world with a congenital blood-stain on one cheek’, capital comes dripping from head to foot, from every pore, with blood and dirt.” 2)

 
Marx’s teacher of dialectics, Hegel, taught Marx that anything that is born logically must perish. Capitalism is not immune to this universal law. Among the tendential economic laws of the inexorable terrestrial passing away of capitalism, Inter alia, Marx foresaw:
(a) the progressive, merciless, competition, concentration and   monopolization,
(b) the immense socialization of production,
(c) in spite of gigantic extra profits, the fall of the average rate of profits on a global scale;
(d) the growth of the organic composition of capital, that is, the diminishing of living physical labor force which produces surplus value and its replacing by means of machines (nowadays with computers, robots or nanobots) which 
do not consume, do not realize capital;
 (e) these bring about anarchy in capitalist production, increased periods of economic crisis and political turmoil, depression, recession, class struggles and wars;
(f) and the geometric explosion of progressive pauperization of workers, social outcasts and unemployed on a global scale.    

A simple study of he current global situation, of ‘failed states’, ‘post-modernity’, ‘transition’ and the ‘new world order’ (NWO) could easily verify the above tendency and latency of global capitalism. The above can only disappear, become obsolete, with the annihilation of capitalism itself.
Let us look at some statistics of the current situation which corroborates the geometric explosion of the pauperization of humanity and the concentration of power, of elitist, ruling class megalomania.
Ab ovo, the capitalist mode of production is corrupt, alienating, is murder, is theft. If we have not comprehended this by now, well, then we have a serious psychological problem with veritas, with the truth.

The birth of capitalism in the ancient Greek city-states, and of its corresponding bellicose superstructure, of ‘false flag operations’, already Aeschylus informed us that ‘in war, truth is the first casualty”. (3)
(3) See: http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Rome:_Total_War
In the current global wars launched by he United States of America, under the slogan ‘full spectrum dominance’, it becomes clear that not only the dominant ideas, morality, ideology and religion are those of the respective ruling classes or elites, also the reigning truth is the truth of ‘Big Brother’, who does not accept, does not permit any other truth. Hence, in ‘democracy, the truth, freedom of thought, is a myth, is not as Rosa Luxemburg stressed: ‘Freedom is the freedom of dissenters”, and in the NWO a dissenter is a ‘terrorist, an ‘extremist’. The Achilles Heel of corporate capitalism is precisely the truth; nothing the ruling classes fear more than the ‘political awakening’ of the workers of the world.

The ex-president of the USA, George Bush, Sr. expressed this fear as follows:

“If the American people knew what we have done, they would string us up from the lamp posts.” (3)

What the Bush family and their corporate, military associates were doing and are still doing we witness in “9/11″. the Mideast wars, in Gaza, in the planned attacks on Iran and North Korea, the coming metropolitan police states, global fascism and a one world government. The international mass media, controlled by corporate imperialism and ideology (very often a pseudonym for ruling class myths, hoaxes and lies) progressively are eclipsing the world truth, Now and then some authentic journalism as exception proves this golden rule.

In his article “The Global Political Awakening and the New World Order”,  Andrew Gavin Marshall gives us statistics which indicate the truth of what was predicted in Marx’s Capital over a century ago:
” In regards to poverty and hunger statistics, ‘Over 840 million people in the world are malnourished—799 million of them are from the developing world. Sadly, more than 153 million of them are under the age of 5 (half the entire US population).’” (4)

Currently we are experiencing not an economic crisis of want but rather a capitalist collapse of over-production, which endangers the realization of corporate imperialist capital. We live in a ‘democracy’, in a huge depression, in a world in which corrupt, irresponsible bankers and capitalist racketeers down whose gaping throats are being stuffed  trillions of US dollars, while in Humania South, in Africa, Asia, America and elsewhere, millions of innocent children die like flies as a result of hunger and pestilence:

“Further, ‘Every day, 34,000 children under five die of hunger or other hunger-related diseases. This results in 6 million deaths a year.’ That amounts to a ‘Hunger Holocaust’ that takes place every single year. As of 2003, “Of 6.2 billion living today, 1.2 billion live on less than $1 per day. Nearly 3 billion people live on less than $2 a day.”[43]” (5)

Capitalism is the progressive accumulation of a series of holocausts against humanity, Inter alia, the Hitler holocaust, the Slave Holocaust, the Mental Holocaust and the Hunger Holocaust. At this very moment, as Fidel Castro warned, against Iran the latest Nuclear Holocaust is already being launched by the USA and their global bloodhounds. In 2006, 2% of adults in the world already possessed 50% of global household wealth. And yet, they want everything. Yes, more precisely, “the top 1% owns 40% of global assets; the top 10% owns 85% of world assets; and the bottom 50% owns 1% of global assets; a sobering figure, indeed. “. (6)

Really, something is rotten in the state of Denmark!

Finally, the capitalist world institutions themselves verify what Marx foresaw long ago:

“The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) report stated that in 2009, “an estimated 55 million to 90 million more people will be living in extreme poverty than anticipated before the crisis.” Further, “the encouraging trend in the eradication of hunger since the early 1990s was reversed in 2008, largely due to higher food prices.” Hunger in developing regions has risen to 17% in 2008, and ‘children bear the brunt of the burden.’[45]” (7)

What is in formation, partially already constructed since decades is a totally controlled world authoritarian and authoritarian world state. preferably the USA themselves. To list the whole galaxy of fascist laws, institutions, detention camps, electro-magnetic arms, projects like HAARP, surveillance satellites and cameras, vaccines, pills, chips and personal, identification documents, would detonate the limits of this short commentary, however, much can be found on many serious web sites. 

In spite of the ‘political awakening’ of the international workers, we seem to be drifting more and more away from real class struggle, from true anti-capitalism and authentic pro-socialism, and are entering already the dark age of post-Orwellian barbarism.

Seven years ago, I commented that George Orwell was not warning about Hitler or Stalin fascism, but about a coming world fascism. In his book, “1984″, O’Brien, the mouthpiece of ‘Big Brother’, explains the concept “Power”, i.e., Capital, to Winston Smith as follows:

“The Party seeks power entirely for its own sake. We are not interested in the good of others; we are interested solely in power. Not wealth or luxury or long life or  happiness; only power, pure power. ” (8)
(9)

And then O’Brien let ‘Schrödinger’s Cat’ out of the Pandora Box:
“The German Nazis and the Russian Communists came very close to us in their methods, but they never had the courage to recognize their own motives.  … Power is not a means, it is an end. … The object of torture is torture. The object of power is power. ” (9)

Then O’Brien informed Winston about the future projects of “Big Brother”, of the coming global fascism, the One World State:

“We control matter because we control the mind. Reality is inside the skull. You will learn by degrees, Winston. There is nothing that we could not do. Invisibility, levitation – anything. I could float off this floor like a soap bubble if I wished to. I do not wish to, because the Party does not wish it. … We make the laws of nature.” (p. 218) (10)

At present we are already living in the post-Orwellian barbarism, in “a world of fear and treachery and torment, a world of trampling and being trampled upon … Never again will we be capable of love, or friendship, or joy of living, or laughter, or curiosity, or courage, or integrity “. (9) It is almost sure that the NATO could attack Iran at any moment, this would launch the most brutal world war that humanity ever would witness: it could even blow capitalism itself into blazes. (11)

To save imperialism the workers had to pay with their lives, 50 million in World War I, 80 million in World War II, how many hundred millions of precious lives will World War III devour in its oil Moloch?

After the Mental Holocaust across centuries, Hitler openly stated that to control a people is to control its education. How effective this Mental Holocaust was already can be verified in his famous statement: How lucky for rulers that people do not think. Yes, it is time to think. to transcend this coming global nuclear conflagration.
What luck for the rulers that people do not think.

****

Footnotes:
(1) The first volume of Capital was published in 1867; however, Marx wrote the famous “Preface to ‘A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy’ ” already in1859.
2) http://www.econlib.org/library/
YPDBooks/Marx/mrxCpA31.html
(3) http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/12/14/george-hw-bush-on-joe-wil_n_391322.html

http://theliberationofrealism.blogspot.com/2008/02/take-deep-breath-here-are-few-snapshots.html

(4) See: Andrew Gavin Marshall, The Global Political Awakening and the New World Order – The Technological Revolution and the Future of Freedom, Part 1.

http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=19873

(5) Ibid.
((6) Ibid.
(7) Ibid.
(8) See: George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-four, The New American Library of World Literature, New York, 1961.
(9) See: Franz J. T. Lee, Orwellian Emancipatory Jewels.

http://www.franz-lee.org/files/pandemonium00481.html

(10) Ibid.

(11) Ibid.

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